Protein acetylation involves the addition of an acetyl group to specific lysine residues on proteins, leading to changes in protein structure and function. This process is regulated by enzymes such as histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), and plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression, protein stability, and cellular signaling pathways. Dysregulation of protein acetylation has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic disorders. Research in the field of protein acetylation aims to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this post-translational modification and its implications for human health and disease.